My Experience At Las Vegas - 1777 Words

Article 7 – Want to make your casino bonus count? Then read this! Everyone loves a â€Å"freebie† and in most cases freebies don’t come any bigger than the famed casino bonus. My very first experience of the casino came over ten years ago when some friends and I paid a visit to Las Vegas, while there I spent countless hours at the blackjack table. I knew a bit regarding the basic strategy, so I definitely fancied my chances. After giving it my all I found myself burned by the whole experience, Las Vegas proved to be pretty cruel and my money was gone in very little time at all. At the time I put my experience down to the in-house casino environment. Since then I have headed online and given what has happened I’m glad I did. Let’s start with my first step in the world of online gambling, the casino bonus. I found that the one I used to be a great tool for sampling the online casino world. Back when I was first starting out the online casino world was a different place to the one it is today. Online casino bonuses at the time were something that you needed to hunt for, hopefully finding yourself one with low wagering requirements in the process. After getting myself plenty of free funds to play with I got to work with variety play in mind. For many years I had seen people pick up a bonus and blow it all through ridiculous betting strategies. People would bet on random roulette numbers and on both sides of the pass in craps, while in poker and blackjack they would seemingly playShow MoreRelatedSpecial Treats At Tkg Las Vegas Reservations Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesSpecial Treats at TKG Las Vegas Reservations As one who travels regularly, I need reservations every now and then. I was not very sure what to expect in Las Vegas, since it was my first visit. Knowing that Vegas is a family-friendly resort town, with internationally recognized nightclubs, where gambling and clubbing are key to the Vegas experience, I already was overwhelmed by the entertainment options available. I was already acquainted with the fact that I was visiting a metropolis that has attractedRead MoreCase Study : Las Vega And Providing World Class Las Vegas Vip Services Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pagesexpertly coordinating my visit to Las Vega and providing world-class Las Vegas VIP services. My friends raved about the Vega VIP services during the entire trip home. I am not a man of many words, but I firmly believe that The Kess Group deserves accolades, which is the reason I decided offer this testimonial. We did not receive any discounts for The Kess Group services. However, we also did not receive discounted servic e. The quality of the Vegas VIP services exceeded all my expectations. In factRead MoreThe s Hierarchy Of Needs The Materialism799 Words   |  4 PagesHumans are the most social creatures on earth and what better place to express that then Las Vegas. City where aesthetic satisfaction and quality of life is purely expressed with material behaviors and lines between personal value and choice between tangible and intangible life goals and crossed and at times simply arrested. Scholars view materialism as a type of personality trait that involves personal and societal value. This trait is consumption-based and involves human demand for materialisticRead MoreMy Trip At Las Vegas Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesMy trip to Vegas was a great one. I’d like to especially thank The Kess Group (TKG) for everything that they did to ensure that I had a memorable experience. I can confidently say that I was in the best clubs in Vegas. Being in the Las Vegas clubs made this trip a complet e joy. Of course, it was expensive to plan my Las Vegas night clubs trip. However, that’s typical of planning anything in Sin City, particularly if you want to enjoy the prestigue of being at the best nightclubs Las Vegas boastsRead MoreThe City Of Las Vegas1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe city of Las Vegas is considered to be one of the best entertainment locations in the world. Only in Vegas can you find top notch travel amenities and luxurious resorts, accompanied by world class dining and entertainment. Recognized throughout the world, the Las Vegas Strip is the iconic image of dreams and possibilities dependent only on Lady Luck. Not all winning takes place on the craps tables or slot machines. Las Vegas continues to reinvent itself, seeking better and more glamorous waysRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Las Vegas1592 Words   |  7 Pagesremember the only 3 words that kept replaying in my head was something very simple â€Å"This is amazing.† for such a interes ting and fun city. My ears buzzed with the blasting sounds and music of the circus with the streets flooded with people, but yet it still felt like you had all the capacity in the world and were capable of everything you could possibly imagine, and that’s saying a lot because the human brain can think about endless things. Going to Las Vegas was a great journey and I definitely planRead MoreThe City Of Las Vegas1580 Words   |  7 PagesLas Vegas, also known as â€Å"Sin City†, is one of the most popular tourist spots in the world that I plan to take a vacation. It is constantly one of the fastest growing cities in the United States and the population is normally over a million people. The vast number of people moving to Vegas is usually about Six thousand people every month and only one thousand people leave, giving it a net growth of approximately five thousand people a month. If you visit Las Vegas once a year, you will see huge changesRead MoreReflection Paper On Aging1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe movie Last Vegas (2013) thoroughly presented the concept of the embodied aging and experience by creating a storyline based on the character, Billy, shared the good news of him finally proposing to his much younger girlfriend with his dearest friends and wanted them to be supportive in his decisi on-making. All four friends decided to escape from their daily lives a couple of days in order to throw a bachelor party together for Billy in Las Vegas (Last Vegas, 2013). They have been best friendsRead MoreBuilding An Nfl Ready Stadium1043 Words   |  5 Pagescontinue to improve the Las Vegas economy. Anytime that you can bring visitors here, especially and including international visitors, it has a huge impact and, uh, it would definitely have a big economic impact and community pride impact on the community, if in fact you can make the numbers work to put it together. Well, Las Vegas has a great reputation, as far as being a tourist center, but Las Vegas has morphed into something different. It used to be when I came to Las Vegas, it was a gambling destinationRead MoreFear, Loathing, By Hunter S. Thompson s Novel, Fear And Loathing1390 Words   |  6 Pagestoday that many hope to achieve in some point in their lives. In Hunter S. Thompson’s novel, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, readers follow Thompson depicted as Raoul Duke and his attorney Dr. Gonzo in hoping to find the American Dream. It uses Gonzo Journalism, a style that is an adaption of Picaresque narrative to document his drug-induced experiences traveling through 1970’s Las Vegas. The Picaresque novels are composed of first-person narrative that relates to the adventures of a picaro character

Horse Slaughter Is The Act Of Slaughtering Horses

For the last five thousand years the horse has been of greater human interest for its strength than as a source of meat. However, American horses are still shipped over our borders and slaughtered for human consumption overseas. Horse slaughter and the export of horses from the United States should be banned because it is cruel and inhumane; furthermore, consuming American horse meat can be detrimental to human health. Horse slaughter is the act of slaughtering horses to obtain their meat for human (or animal) consumption. Horses are mainly slaughtered for human consumption however there are some zoos that feed their animals horse meat. Horse slaughter is exactly what it sounds like, it is slaughter, these horses are not humanely†¦show more content†¦However although horses are not slaughtered or eaten in the United States, more than 100,000 companion, working and even wild horses are shipped to Mexican and Canadian slaughterhouses for consumption overseas in Europe and As ia each year (Stepping). Horses end up at slaughter through a number of ways. The most common being that horse owners bring their horses to livestock auctions when they can no longer afford them, expecting them to find a good home. However, that is not always the case, what sellers fail to realize is there are middlemen for foreign-owned slaughterhouses, known as â€Å"kill buyers†, who frequent these auctions looking for horses. Often kill buyers can be see communicating with the auctioneer in the auction ring. They often outbid genuine horse owners and rescues, robbing the horses of the opportunity for a second chance at life. Sometimes kill buyers respond to â€Å"Free horse to good home† advertisements. These advertisements are usually from families who love their horses but can no longer afford them so they give them away. They sign a paper thinking that their horse is going to a good home but in actuality they are signing the horse’s death warrant. Along w ith kill buyers there are people known as rustlers who steal horses straight from barns and dump them at the nearest auction for a quick buck. Even more alarming, wild horses,Show MoreRelatedHorse Slaughter Is The Act Of Slaughtering Horses1959 Words   |  8 Pagesthe past five thousand years the horse has been of greater human interest for its strength than as a food source. However, American horses are still shipped over our borders and slaughtered for human consumption overseas. Horse slaughter and the export of horses from the United States should be banned because it is cruel and inhumane; furthermore, consuming American horse meat can be detrimental to human health. Horse slaughter is the act of slaughtering horses to obtain their meat for human (orRead MoreHorse Meat Is A Great Substitute For Popular Meats1783 Words   |  8 Pagesever. Horse meat is a great substitute for popular meats that are socially accepted today. Horse meat is characterized as a red meat like beef, pork, sheep, and goat. While horse meat is like beef in appearance, it has more protein and vitamins, and a less fat percentage. Horse meat is also calorically lower than beef, veal, pork, lamb, and sheep, making it ideal for the rising concern in the United States about a healthy food supply (Stanciu, 2015). If eventually socially acceptable, horse meat couldRead MoreLiving Conditions, Diet And Reproduction Is Not The Only Problems Associated With Commercial Farming897 Words   |  4 Pagesproblems associated with commercial farming. Hamburgers and hot dogs these are American foods but how does it get there on our plate. Do people know how the animals are slaughtered or do they even care. Slaughter this means killing of animals for human consumption. When it comes to the slaughtering of animals I think the majority of people don’t care that the animals are being killed to be eaten. The thing that causes the controversy is how are they being killed and are the animals being slaughteredRead MoreThe Wild Of The Innocent2000 Words   |  8 Pagescan all agree that the horse contains a special place in our hearts. â€Å"The one thing you need to know about horses, says Jim Stitt, is they love to work and perform.† (Fong, Petty. It Was Urban Vs Cowboys in Fight for Animal Rights.) The horse has been used all throughout history from the Spanish Conquistadors to the Englishman during the American Revolution. Now horses can be found on race tracks, rodeos, shows, large and small farms, and slaughter homes. Even though some horse owners claim abuse isRead MorePigs Slaughter And The Slaughter Of All Livestock1671 Words   |  7 PagesHog slaugh ter and the slaughter of all livestock has been a controversial topic over the last few years. With many organizations out there against animal agriculture such as the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) there has been a constant push to find the most humane act of livestock harvest as possible while still maintaining excellent meat quality. Currently, there are four acceptable methods: chemical (Carbon Dioxide – CO2), mechanicalRead MoreHorse Slaughter : The Inhumane Murder Of Innocent Horses2187 Words   |  9 PagesHorse slaughter is just exactly as it sounds. It is the inhumane murder of innocent horses. I will never understand how someone can sit and actually enjoy a meal consisting of horse meat knowing how that horse came to be served for dinner. It’s a cruel and heartbreaking process that starts from the moment the poor horse is loaded on a transport trailer. These horse suffer in worst fashion from abuse and neglect until they are unfortunately killed and severed for a meal. This is not okay. The practiceRead MoreCan The Human Methods Of Slaughter Act And The Prop 2 Standards1480 Words   |  6 PagesCan the Human Methods of Slaughter Act and the Prop 2 Standards for Confining Farm Animals Protect Farm Animals from Inhumane Treatment? According to the anthropologist Professor Henry Bunn of Wisconsin University the use of animals for food dates back to two million years ago, when, â€Å"our human ancestors were small brained ape-men† (McKie, 2012). The use of animals for a source of food, clothing, and even entertainment is not something new to us. But what is fairly new are the animal rights movementRead MoreFood Empowerment Project ( Fep )1098 Words   |  5 PagesAgriculture (USDA), The Humane Society of the United States made their statistics of the animal slaughter called â€Å"Farm Animal Statistics: Slaughter Total† from the year of 1950 to current time. According to the data, the number of chickens killed for food in the United States in 2015 is 9.2 billion and 8,822,695,000 is the total number of chickens killed for meat. The calculation leads to chicken slaughter taking 96% of the total. This percentage is indeed over 90% as said by the FEP. AdditionallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Drugs On Horse Racing Essay2044 Words   |  9 PagesFollowing the economic recession of 2008, a survey of more than 10,000 horse owners appears to suggest recovery of the industry. Results showed that 70.6% of respondents owned or managed the same number of horses they did in 2014, indicating an increase in overall industry stability. 1) The use of Drugs in Horse Racing in the US A particular topic that remains controversial is the use of ‘Lasix’ (an anti-bleeding medication) in US horse racing, questioning the purity of the sport. Bleeding in the lungsRead MoreThe Value of Cunning over Strength Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pages Odysseus was the person who originally came up with the idea of the Trojan horse, the strategy by which the Greeks were finally able to take the city of Troy itself and have it fall (Hunter). Odysseus came up with this very cunning idea of to take down Troy. This is what led to the fall of Troy. If he never thought of this idea Troy may have never have fallen. Therefore, Odysseuss amazing wits won over Troy and they could have never done it without him. He could have just said lets go brute

Social Issue Free Essays

Juvenile compensated dating and ways to tackle it It has recently arouse to the public’s attention that the issue of juvenile Enjo kosai, in English means juvenile compensated dating, has been worsening in Hong Kong. According to the survey reports conducted by The Family Planning Association of Hong Kong (FPAHK) in 2011 and the Hong Kong Association of Sexuality Educators, Researchers and Therapists (HKASERT) in 2009, 23% of school girls accepted compensated dating behavior with almost 24% among them accepted compensated dating with sexual transection; and nearly 5% of school girls had engaged in this immoral activity. School girls involving compensated dating may easily fall victim to both physical harm as well as mental illness. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Issue or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to alleviate this worrisome situation, people might propose prohibiting this immoral activity by legislation. However, it is not an entirely effective way to put an end on this issue. Rather, we have to combat with its root causes, girls involved in compensated dating since they have inadequate sexual knowledge, they are being materialist and they are lack of care and love. These problems can be tackled by arranging a compulsory sex education class, create a â€Å"Values of Life† topic in Liberal Studies and increase the number of school social workers. First, school girls involved in compensated dating because they have inadequate sexual knowledge. FPAHK’s Youth Sexuality Study (2011) revealed 67% and 19% girl respondents believe that external ejaculation is an effective contraception method and the number of sexual partners is not related to the chance of infecting sexually transmitted diseases respectively. School girls were lack of knowledge about the seriousness and the adverse effects of inappropriate sexual relationships. Both physical harm and emotional problem will inevitably result. They might get pregnant accidentally and they might suffer in venereal diseases, like AIDS and HIV, which are incurable. Besides, they might lose faith in relationship and having impaired feeling of self-esteem. Consequently, they might suffer in mental illness like depression, or even suicidal thought. Their ignorance of sex knowledge led them to underestimate the vigilance of improper sexual relationship, as a result, they involved in compensated dating. Another root cause of compensated dating is school girls are being materialist. They desire for materials and money in order to show off to others or make others think highly of them. In their mind, the importance of money and materials transcend morality, dignity and chastity. The HKASERT’s survey of compensated dating (2009) indicated that 87% girl respondents involved in compensated dating to earn money to enable high consumption (for example, to purchase well-known brand handbags). School girls pursue for materialistic satisfaction, their greed for money and luxury gifts led them think these are much precious than their body and dignity. Thus, school girls involved in compensated dating for supporting their conspicuous consumption. Apart from school girls’ ignorance and desire, lack of care and love also make a lead to their participation in compensated dating. They were lack of parental love due to various reasons like their parents had long working hours or even need to work abroad. The HKASERT’s survey report indicated that 43% girl respondents engaged in this immoral activity to look for the feeling of being loved while a huge partial among them were grown in single-parent or broken families. They might engage in compensated dating because of their pathetic background. So instead of blaming them for engaging in this immoral behavior unwisely, tackling this worrisome issue by arranging a compulsory sex education class, create a â€Å"Values of Life† topic in Liberal Studies and increase the number of school social workers are much more rational actions before the situation deteriorate. To combat compensated dating, most schools arrange some related talks. These talks might help to alert students about the seriousness of this improper activity shortly. In long-term, introducing a compulsory Sex Education Subject in primary schools and secondary schools could help to strengthen sex education among juveniles in Hong Kong. Sex Education has much more pressing needs than the national education. It could awaken school girls the seriousness and the adverse effect and improper sex relationship and strengthen their vigilance. However, sex education might result in the issue of compensated dating being more rampant as school girls access to relevant nowledge about the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and contraception methods. Another way to prevent compensated dating is to develop a right value among girls. They engaged in compensated dating out of avarice. Create a new topic about Values of Life in Liberal Studies could help them to build up a right values of life, dignity and chastity should take precedence over money and materials, teach them to cherish their precious bodies. Spiritual wealth is much important than material w ealth. They need not compare with others or follow the trend. However, it is hard to refuse following trends with friend under peer pressure or they might isolate by their friends. Besides, arrange more group activities or hiking trips so that they could feel the spiritual happiness from friends and the nature. Nevertheless, there might not be enough time for such time consuming activities. Often, girls engaged in compensated dating were grown in single-parent or broken families, they were lack of parental love and care; therefore, deploying additional social worker at school to care the need of those girls would be an effective approach. Social workers could express solicitude by chatting and communicating with them regularly in order to give girls feeling of being cared and love. Social worker could provide professional counseling support when they seek for assistance. It is worth though it would directly increase schools’ financial expenses. The above solution could help alleviating the worrisome situation of compensated dating. The most important way to tackle this issue is not by tough measures like forcing them to stop this immoral activity, this is just a palliatives way. Instead, by soft approach, strengthen their sex knowledge, building real values of life and showing care and love to them could help to alleviate the issue of compensated dating when they were conscious of the seriousness of this immoral behavior. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Compensated dating: Men (male) give  money  and/or luxury gifts to women (female) for their companionship and, possibly, for sexual favors. (Wikipedia) [ 2 ]. Conspicuous consumption:  the spending of  money  for and the acquiring of  luxury goods  and services to publicly display economic power. (Wikipedia) How to cite Social Issue, Essay examples

RainForest1 Essay Example For Students

RainForest1 Essay The problem of global warming, an increase in the average temperature onEarth, is getting worse. The Earth has warmed 0.3 to 0.6 degrees Celsius sincethe late 1800s. Scientists believe that the cause is the greenhouse effect, theprocess of trapping heat in the Earths atmosphere because of the presence oflarge amounts of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, methane, and nitrogenoxides. Less oxygen is being produced and cleaning the atmosphere allowing moreof these gases to do its work on the environment. Automobiles exhausts are just one of the contributors to this problem. The burning of fossil fuels is another major influence to the increase in globaltemperature as well. The destruction of the rainforests and all forests andtrees in general, is another. Every car produces enough gases from its exhaustinto the atmosphere that takes a mature tree to clean in about five years. Trees keep the air clean for the environment by taking the gases in and producesoxygen out of it. By cutting down the trees we are allowing for more of thecarbon to be exposed into the atmosphere. Another factor that most people would not consider in the raising ofglobal warming is the excrement of cows. Cows produces tons of carbon that doesnot all get treated for, and is in the top five for highest amounts of carbonproduced per year. This is another factor that somehow has to be dealt with. All of these causes of global warming have been know by scientists, itsthe effects we are seeing in todays climate now they had no idea of. Arcticglaciers are melting and causing the oceans water level to rise. It has beproven that if the water level were to rise anymore then we wont be able to seethe state of Louisiana anymore or any coastal areas anywhere. Louisiana isalready having there wetlands filled by the floods. The polar bear is anotherexample of the effects of global warming. Its habitat is decreasing and so areits numbers. Global warming affects the polar bear by melting the arctic snowand allowing it to starve longer then it usually does. The polar bear leavesoff its fat for about 2-3 months and global warming will increase this time. Other effects will be increased weather storms both in summer and winter as ahot summer produces a lot of precipitation in the air and thus gives extremeThe worst is yet to come in this problem of global warming. If thecarbon gases are not somehow stopped the greenhouse effect will get worse andglobal warming will increase. The scary thing about this all is that we are notBibliography:

Barbie Doll Essay Research Paper Man Vs free essay sample

Barbie Doll Essay, Research Paper Man Vs. All In society today, a kid is born every five proceedingss. From that clip on, the parents breing their kids up with idiot values such as regard. Other values will be learned when the kid grows older. Unfortunately, Society puts a large importance on beauty and that can make struggle. In Marge Piercy s verse form, Barbie Doll, the supporter faces struggle and trades with the external forces by conforming to others outlooks of what defines in a adult female ; nevertheless, unable to face with the internal forces from within and to accept herself as she is, she ends her life. The supporter faces conflict adult male vs. adult male for the first clip when a schoolmate confronts her. Like any individual, she grows up with one idea on her head, plaything. She has the basic plaything, dolls, lip rouge, and GE ranges and chainss. We will write a custom essay sample on Barbie Doll Essay Research Paper Man Vs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She does non even think about the manner she looks. Then pubescence set in, and people start to detect all the small things that do non count. She learns that some people can be average when a schoolmate tells her, You have a great large olfactory organ and fat legs. The adult female faces society when she asks forgiveness for being her. She is an intelligent and healthy individual with house weaponries and strong back. She besides possesses an abundant sexual thrust and manual sleight. Despite her intelligence, she is non a really smart individual if she can non understand that all she needs to larn to accept herself. So she goes to and fro apologizing because every one sees a fat olfactory organ on fat legs. She faces adult male vs. nature when she tries to change her visual aspect. She is diffident and slightly flirty. She ever exercises, diets, and attempts to come off hearty. Her good attitude does non last really long and finds it difficult to be happy. In despair, she tries to alter her physical visual aspect. She uses fictile surgery to reshape her nose and suction lipectomy to reduce down her legs. She cuts off her olfactory organ and legs. Then she offers up her nose and legs in order for people to except her. She ends up killing herself in doing this transmutation to be a better looking individual. She is eventually confronting herself. In the coffin, she lays, demoing off her decorative pigment and putty olfactory organ. Everyone thinks she looks reasonably in her pink and white nightgown. She lies on satin and looks beautiful in the coffin. She gets what she wants, Consummation at last. # 8221 ; She eventually got everyone to praise her, to look at her, and see her as a beautiful adult female. To her, it is a dream, to every adult female a happy stoping. A parent rears his kid with certain values. As will, these values do non ever seem to be right with society. Society plays major function in the life of a individual. With society s importance on beauty, one can barely contend the desire to change 1s appearance. The force per unit area is at that place, and it can be difficult to manage. It becomes twice every bit difficult to cover with when no 1 excepts a individual in the society in which he lives. This is why the girlchild chooses to stop her life in the verse form.

Trans Fats Essay

Trans Fats Essay Free Online Research Papers What are trans fats? The trans fatty acids are also known as trans fats which are a similar form of unsaturated fats. Trans fats are found mostly in fast food products meat and dairy products. It is something that the body can be hurt by if consuming large amounts on a daily basis but, if you consume very small portions once in a while your body cannot be harmed by the trans fats. The government has also stated that trans fats should be kept to a minimum within a persons diet. There is no guide to how much should be consumed but it should be kept to a small amount. A few years ago the Food and Administration (FDA) began making the fast food restaurants include a label on all products or making it available for the customer to view via Internet or the restaurants started to keep information pamphlets including all the products sold within the restaurant they had to include the percentage of the daily value per serving. With the FDA approving this issue, it also helps customers aware of all the artificial ingredients in the products. When a consumer is more knowledgeable consume, they see that the unsaturated fats and saturated do not add up to the total amount of fat that is listed in the information label. It is now known that there are some types of excess fat which are the trans fats but the fast food companies are not required to list either if they do not want to. If someone has no knowledge that they are consuming this type of fat it is considered to be a secret fat. For the most part, many consumers have not even heard of trans fats and do not even know what it is. It is an essential part of the diet that is not well known and can also very critical for those who are trying to lose or control their weight. The FDA requires labels on all food products and hey also limit the amount that manufacturers can label an item as low cholesterol but without labeling an item that has trans fats in it the product may not actually be â€Å"low cholesterol or cholesterol free. There are certain kids of oils that do not contain any trans fats such as canola oil. It is pressed straight from canola seeds and does not have any trans fats it in it also can fry foods just as good as any of the other oils that are out on the market canola oil and olive oils are some of the purest and healthy oils to bake and fry foods but, they are kind of pricey and by the fast food companys being so cheap and not caring about the consumers health. The process of trans fats began in the United States when vegetable oils were created. When Crisco dropped on the market as a replacement for lard an expanding growth of the fast food industry the snacking industry and baking goods began to depend on the ability to turn oils into solid fats. The FDA states that all saturated fats and unsaturated be kept at room temperature to keep the fats from increasing and causing more trans fats to increase. The process of trans fats being made is called hydrogenation. Hydrogenated oil is made by forcing hydrogen gas into oil at high pressure. Animal and vegetable fats can be and are hydrogenated. The more solid the oil is, the more hydrogenated it is. Two prime examples of hydrogenated oils are Crisco and margarine. It was realized that these products might have a serious health effect The purpose of hydrogenation is to increase the shelf life of the product and the flavor stability. It keeps the foods looking fresh and edible. This saves the producers lots of money by not having to make food so much because food the food is staying fresh longer and staying on the shelves of the stores a lot longer. Mainly this is why the fast food restaurants use this process because they can keep their food in the restaurants as long as they are looking fresh and to the customer satisfaction. Hydrogenation makes oils more stable and solid at room temperature. This improves the baking characteristics of the liquid oil as well as the taste and texture of the product. Hydrogenated oil provided a good alternative when it came to taste, texture, and stability, and producers started using these oils. The diet that consumers consume each day is filled with trans fats as mentioned earlier. Crisco and other cooking oils are considered trans fats. Other foods that are major contributors are baked goods such as cookies and other pastries, deep-fried foods such as fried chicken and french fries. Imitation cheeses potato chips and crackers also contain high amounts of trans fats. Most of these foods have trans fats because they are fried or contain vegetable oils. It should be mentioned that trans fat is not bad in moderation, it is excessive intake which will more than likely be the cause of problems. It has been suggested that vegetable oils are best consumed when in their natural forms like olive oil and sesame oils. The processed oil industry has argued that trans fats only replace solid, saturated fats, but that is not necessarily true. It has been shown that margarine and shortenings can be made without trans fatty acids. There appear to be many ways to avoid trans fatty acids, the healthiest would way have to require changes in eating, but in order to do that the consumers must have the help of the producers. Adults are not the only people that can be affected by trans fats. Research has shown that kids as young as eight, nine and ten already have high cholesterol and high blood pressure. These can be your children that do not even know the daily amount of trans fats that they are consuming. Instead of stopping at a fast food restaurant when you are out trying healthy snacks or if you can not avoid it try SubWay or a salad. The easiest way to try and stop trans fats is to start in the home. Tell family and friends about trans fats because some people are not even aware of it. Eating less fast food, fried food, and foods that have trans fats that can be located on some of the labels. It is really hard to completely cut trans fats out from your diet because manufacturers put them in many food items consumers consume on a daily basis. Another way to lower the intakes of trans fats is to try low fat and fat-free foods. Though not much research has been done regarding the effects of trans fats researches believe that trans fats are linked to heart disease, cancer, obesity and diabetes. All of these claims have have led to the request for more research to be completed. Research has not been able to tell the difference if it is saturated fats causing these health problems or trans fats. Overall, the problem is that the labeling of trans fats should be put on all food products. At least the consumer will be able to make a choice. If people keep consuming trans fats this can be very dangerous in the long run of ones health. Researches do not even know what the trans fats can cause it can be the leading death and links to a lot of diseases. Knowing the secrets of what trans fats contain will not stop some of the consumers from buying certain products. Research Papers on Trans Fats EssayAdvertising EssayChildhood Obesity EssayA Marketing Analysis of the Fast-Food RestaurantFalse AdvertisingFeline Diabetes MelitusGenetic EngineeringDefinition of Export QuotasInternational PaperGap Analysis: Lester ElectronicsCash or Card?

Political Theories of sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Political Theories of sexuality - Essay Example al roles, In particular, women should manifest themselves primarily as wives, mothers and householders, while men are considered to be responsible for the financial well-being of the family. These social norms are so common that any violation of these representations threatens men and women condemnation from society but also isolation from it. Appeal to a variety of philosophical and scientific research sheds light on this issue and one can understand why the modern American society suffers from this problem. The fact that its origins have deep roots. They are so widely grown in the human world that even modern American culture in spite of the achievements in the field of science and technological progress continues to demonstrate a strict policy of gender roles. In particular, one of the reasons can be seen in the influence of the Christian heritage in the culture of the Western world. The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche pointed to the fact that the Christian culture and morality based on it and presented in the Western world have a deep contempt for the individual human freedom in the choice of gender roles and ways to implement one’s sexuality. The merit of Nietzsche is that he tried to make a person able to influence the formation of public morality that takes into account the fact that the man is not a machine but a living creature having his/her needs and preferences, including sexual. Even the great psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud also draws attention to the negative impact of social norms of Western culture on the individual persons life. He points to the fact that Western culture is permeated with the desire to put a person in a very rigid framework, including in relation to his/her status of gender and sexuality. With regard to the widespread stereotype that femininity is primarily connected with weakness, passivity, etc., one can refer to the c onclusions of Simone de Beauvoir. As a result of thorough research Beauvoir came to the idea that such an

Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Film - Essay Example The essay will summarize the parallels drawn in the film and the metaphoric representation of all the political processes and in conclusion, the paper will discuss how the movie succeeded in emulating and approximating the real-world sentiments. One of the greatest themes discussed in the movie was the theme of democracy. This is not only because Rome was the first empire to implement the basic principles of democracy, but at the time the film was made, the United States was already tackling a string political scandals that the then-President Clinton got involved in and George Bush was about to assume the office soon. The former concept is shown in a very intense scene after Maximus wins a battle in an epic showdown, using his military expertise which grabs Commodus’ attention. The crowd loves Maximus to the point that when he publicly threatens Commodus, he is able to go unharmed and is allowed to live because the public favors him greatly. The aforementioned was not only intense because of the great acting by both Russell Crowe and Joaquin Phoenix, but because of the symbolic value of this entire scene. The gladiatorial games were vastly meant for public entertainment and therefore they had ultimate say in helping the winner achieve glory and position in the society, even though the individual in the arena is more or less of a slave. When Commodus is confronted by Maximus, he is forced to give him the thumbs up as the crowd fervently hailed Maximus and roared his name. The helplessness of their so-called Emperor to public demand was ostensible and such is the case in a democratic system of government, whereas the government caters to serve the public and keep them happy to ensure they do not rebel against them. This is the reason, why Commodus had to put forth a charming and amiable front despite his conniving

Cunsumer adopting e-banking as a new technology innovation Essay

Cunsumer adopting e-banking as a new technology innovation - Essay Example While there may have been security concerns about this in the past, today security on mobile networks is almost at par with the security strength which available to those accessing their accounts from desktop computers (Coelho and Easingwood, 2003). Marketers and technology companies have done their part in allowing users to expect the same experience and the same speed which they find in e-commerce to be applied to m-commerce. This means users are more willing to adopt e-commerce as a means of interacting with their financial service providers. This experience can be carried over from the mobile phone to the desktop or laptop computer and across different operating system since the interface is web based. Just as mobile network data transfer can be secured, laptops and desktop computers can also have wireless data networks with the same if not higher levels of security while providing a more enriching experience since the computer is a far more capable machine for information access than a mobile device. The interaction is one of the factors which impacts the propensity for consumers to adopt e-banking since the interaction with a human at a bank branch is quite different from an interaction a person may have with a computer. Customers may choose to make investments based on information given to them by a financial consultant in the real world but they can also make investments decisions based on the current information they have. For example, a client could get a news report about a company which made a breakthrough in nanotechnology on their mobile phone. They can simply use their phone to login to their financial investment services provider’s web portal, research all they want to know about the company and simply put in a buy order for stocks of the company. All of this can be done from the client’s phone or the client’s primary computer. SSL encryption,

Strategies to Detect Neutrinos

Strategies to Detect Neutrinos Thomas Kayll What are Neutrinos and how do we detect them A neutrino (ÃŽ ½) is a subatomic particle from the lepton family with a lepton number of +1, a charge of 0 and a spin of  ½. There are three flavours of neutrino the Muon Neutrino, Tau Neutrino and the Electron Neutrino1. Neutrinos rarely interact with matter because they are so small and have no charge and are also not affected by the strong nuclear force. So the only way a neutrino can interact with matter is through the weak nuclear force. Neutrinos are about 100,000 times smaller than electrons but there are so many neutrinos being emitted into the universe that even with their incredibly small mass they outweigh the amount of matter in the universe9. Figure 1 Neutrinos were hypothesised in 1930 by Wolfgang Pauli8, he theorised that another particle must be emitted in beta decay other than the electron as not all the energy from the decay carried by the electron so Pauli suggested that another particle was emitted and was carrying the rest of the energy given off. It was expected that the electron would carry all the energy but this is not what was found. The law of conservation of energy states that Energy can’t be created or destroyed, but it can be changed into a different form, also that in a closed system it cannot be lost. The red line represents the energy the electron should have if none was shared from the beta decay of carbon 14 and the blue line represents the actual energy of the electrons. The first people to detect the neutrino were Reines and Cowan. They did this by using the prediction the nuclear reactors were meant to produce high amounts of neutrino fluxes. When one of the antineutrinos collides with a proton a neutron and a positron are given off6. These positrons then collide with electrons and annihilate via pair-annihilation. When this happens two gamma rays are produced as radiation in opposite direction. Figure 8 Reines and Cowan soon realized that detecting the gamma bursts wasn’t enough evidence to categorically say they had found neutrinos. So they aimed to detect the neutron given off as well. Reines and Cowan set up a new experiment where they constructed a tank of water and lined it with a scintillating material to detect the gamma radiation. A scintillating material is a material that fluoresces when hit by a photon or a charged particle. This is then picked up and amplified by photomultiplier tubes. They also put cadmium into the tank; cadmium absorbed the neutrons given off in the reaction between the antineutrino and the proton and becomes an exited form of cadmium witch give off gamma radiation1.1. Figure 9 The gamma rays form the exited cadmium were detected 5X10-6 seconds after the positron electron annihilation. This gave enough evidence to prove that neutrinos did exist. Reines and Cowan repeated the experiment in a different location with better cosmic ray shielding. Cosmic rays comprise of very high energy particles such as high energy photons, these particles can interfere with very sensitive electronics used in the experiments and can create false readings. Form this they got more reliable results1.1. In a reaction the baryon number, lepton number and the strangeness must stay the same. So in beta decay where an electron is given off an anti lepton must be released to make the lepton number 0 again. I am going to be looking at how the Super-Kamiokandeis able to detect neutrinos. The Super-Kamiokandeis a large experiment where 50,000 tonnes2 of ultra pure water is held in a stainless steel spherical tank covered in 11,146 photomultiplier tubes all of this is located in a old mine 1,000 meters underground to stop cosmic ray interference. To be detected, a neutrino would interact with a H2O molecule and would cause an Electron to be discharged and this would be travelling faster than the speed of light in water causing Cherenkov radiation to be emitted. Cherenkov radiation is emitted when a particle travels faster than the maximum velocity of a photon in that medium. This radiation produces a ring of light which is detected by the photomultiplier tubes witch amplify the signal, using this we can calculate where the neutrino interacted and what flavour of neutrino it was3. Photomultiplier tubes are needed as they are able to amplify the signal by around 100 million times. When a photon from the Cherenkov radiation hits the photocathode then a photoelectron is released vie the photoelectric effect , this is then attracted to the first dynode with a pd of approximately 100V this electron gains kinetic energy and then hits the dynode liberating more electrons (typically 3-4) then these are attracted to the next electrode with a pd of 100V and a charge of 200eV and the same happens again until there is a strong enough signal and the electrons hit the anode and then the detected signal is sent off to the computer4. For each electron liberated on the dynodes the energy is The 100eV the electron carries is enough to liberate around 4 new electrons on the next dynode. With some electrons not hitting the dynodes and some not liberating exactly 4 new electrons then the figure that the signal is amplified by 100 million times and that (3-4) electrons are liberated by on electron make are correct. From research it seems that the dynodes have a work function (ψ) of around 5eV this means that about 80eV is lost when the electron hits the surface of the material. Figure 5 This Is the Super-Kamiokande form the inside. Each dot is a photomultiplier tube, and there are two people checking them on the surface of the water in a dingy. The first recorded instance of an observation of a neutrino was in 1970 on the 13 of November. The event was observed when a neutrino collided with a proton and created a mu-meson (muon) and a pi+-meson (pion). A pi+-meson is a particle which consists of a quark and an anti-quark. A pi+-meson consists of an up quark and an anti down quark. A muon is a member of the lepton family in the standard model. This all occurred in a hydrogen bubble chamber. A bubble chamber is a vessel that holds super heated liquid (in this case hydrogen); it is used to detect charged particles that enter it. It is able to crate observations of these particles as when a charged particle passes through the chamber it causes an ionisation path which causes the surrounding liquid to vaporise and form bubbles which size are proportional to the specific particles energy loss. This is all captured by cameras which can produce a picture of the event5. Figure 6 This is the original picture of the collision This is an annotated picture showing the paths of the colliding particles. Muon (ÃŽ ¼), proton (p), neutrino (ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¼) and the pion (Ï€+). When the neutrino and the proton collide the proton moves to the left. The neutrino is turned into a muon which keeps going forwards and the pion is created from the collision5. The annotation to the right shows what is happening at the sub atomic level with quarks. In 2011 the OPERA experiment conducted which came across the odd results that neutrinos were travelling faster than the speed of light. The results were declared as anomalous as anything going faster than the speed of light in a vacuum is considered to go against special relativity. The scientists conducting the experiment set investigations into why they got the results they did. From these investigations it was found the there were two faults in how the experiment was set up. One was that a fibre optic cable was improperly connected and that a clock oscillator was set to fast. Taking both of these errors into account meant the reading were not actually faster than the speed of light. In 2012 it was reported that the speeds of neutrinos are the same as the speed of light. This information was gathered by numerous different scientific groups including OPERA. There are many different sources of neutrinos such gamma ray bursts, supernovas, neutron stars, nuclear fission and cosmic rays. Neutrinos are defiantly not rare with potentially about 100,000 billion passing through your body every second. All of these sources are some of the most energetic/violent processes in the universe. The main source of our neutrinos that are detected by places like ice cube and Super-Kamiokande is the sun through its nuclear fission which gives off many neutrinos. Here you can so that a neutrino and a positron are emitted when two H1 atoms collide and coalesce to form a H2 atom. Ice cube is another neutrino detector in the South Pole that uses the same idea as the super-Kamiokande in that it detects the gamma rays from when a neutrino collides with a water molecule. Ice cube is a hexagon that is around 2,450 meters deep and has 86 lines of sensors with 60 sensors on each line so a total of 5,160 sensors. Conclusion From my research into what neutrinos are and how we can detect them I have found out the fundamental nature of neutrinos and how we are able to detect something that rarely interacts with matter. I have learnt that neutrinos are harder to detect than I had imagined and that there are different methods such as detecting the Cherenkov radiation from the neutrinos colliding with water molecules or by seeing their ionising path in a bubble chamber. I have also found out some of the reasons behind why neutrinos are so hard to detect in the first place, for example that neutrinos are extremely small, have very low mass, are not charged and only really interact through the weak nuclear force. Over all, neutrinos are very elusive and one of the weirder particles that we have discovered and there is still a lot we do not know about them. Bibliography Date accessed: 23/11/2014 1 URL: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/lepton.html URL: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/cowan.html Hyper physics is a reliable website source because it is hosted by the physics and astronomy department at Georgia state university and has professors who teach the subjects input also it should be non biased as there is no gain for it providing false information. Hyper physics states that their second experiment at Savannah River Plantwas 12 meters underground and states the cross-section of the reaction to be 6X10-44 and the same figures are stated http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowan%E2%80%93Reines_neutrino_experiment Date accessed: 23/11/2014 URL: http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/1998/jun/05/super-kamiokande-finds-neutrino-mass Physics world is a website that publishes the new and old physics topics and has many different topics that it has published. It is a reliable source as it is backed by some very credible companies, such as Angstrom Sciences and Moxtek Inc. It also has scientist informing and righting as well which further proves the reliability of the website. Date accessed: 21/11/2014 URL: http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Super-Kamiokande.html Princeton.edu states that the page is sourced from Wikipedia URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-Kamiokande. it is reliable as Princeton university would not be publishing wrong information on their site as that would be bad for them so that gives this information some credibility. Also physics world URL:http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/1998/jun/05/super-kamiokande-finds-neutrino-mass states that the super-Kamiokande is 1000m underground and holds 50,000 tonnes of water which is the same as on the Princeton page this back up the reliability of the data. Date accessed: 23/11/2014 URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomultiplier The data that I found on Wikipedia on photomultiplier tubes was backed up from the equations I used to try and estimate the number of electrons hitting the anode, which gave similar figures to my calculations. Also the theory behind how photomultipliers work was the same as explained in http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/digitalimaging/concepts/photomultipliers.html this website also stated gains around 100 million which is my calculated and Wikipedia’s stated value. All this shows that it is a reliable source. Date accessed: 26/11/2014 URL: http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast123/lectures/lec22.html This is an educational site from the University of Oregon who should not be biased as they have no reason to put incorrect information on their website as it would have a negative effect on them and they wouldn’t gain anything. It is reliable as it is written by scientists. The date stated on the page November the 13th 1970 is the same as stated on http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FirstNeutrinoEventAnnotated.jpg. Date accessed: 26/11/2014 URL: http://t2k-experiment.org/neutrinos/a-brief-history/ T2k is a website dedicated to neutrinos. The website is primarily about news in the field and the t2k experiment of neutrino oscillation. It is a reliable source as it is written by professionals.† the positron annihilates with an electron to create two gamma rays† this statement says the same thing as http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/lepton.html says on the topic. Date accessed: 30/11/2014 URL: http://icecube.wisc.edu/science/depth Ice cube is a website dedicated to the ice cube particle detector in the south-pole that is trying to detect neutrinos and more. Its primary funding source is the national science foundation, this is a US government organisation that funds and conducts many different projects. Their aim is to keep US science at the forefront of the world in discovery. The web site ice cube should be reliable as it has major government input and would not gain anything from false publication. On ice cube it states that the detector has 5,160 detectors this is the same at http://phys.org/news/2013-11-world-largest-particle-detector-icecube.html. Phys is a large physics news blog with articles written by universities and scientists so it is a reliable website as it is written by people who have extensive knowledge in what they write. â€Å"Advanced Physics†, Steve Adams, Jonathan Allday/oxford university press/November 2nd 2000, p416 Advanced physics is a book published by oxford university press. It is reliable because Oxford University is a highly regarded university that would get a negative publicity if what they published was incorrect. Oxford should not be biased as it doesn’t have any large Companies or influential people pressuring them to publish false information. â€Å"Neutrino†, Frank Close/oxford university press/ February 23rd 2012, p2 The book neutrino talks about what neutrinos are and how we detect them, their history, their discovery, their sources and many different topics related to them. The point of the book is to inform and educate people on neutrinos. Professor Frank Close the author is a professor at Oxford University this shows he knows what he is talking about and that the book is reliable as he is a regarded physicist. Oxford press is a reliable publisher as I have stated in reference 8. Figures Date accessed: 23/11/2014 URL:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles.svg/2000px-Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles.svg.png Date accessed: 26/11/2014 URL: http://t2k-experiment.org/neutrinos/a-brief-history/ Date accessed: 23/11/2014 URL: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/lepton.html Date accessed: 23/11/2014 URL: http://www.ocr.org.uk/Images/165501-unit-g495-advance-notice-june-2014.pdf Date accessed: 21/11/2014 URL:https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=irct=jq=esrc=ssource=imagescd=cad=rjauact=8ved=0CAUQjhwurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpprc.qmul.ac.uk%2F~still%2Fwordpress%2F%3Fpage_id%3D138ei=iSBnVK2IG5XWaqubgfAJbvm=bv.79142246,d.d2spsig=AFQjCNH_tc4ZUVMJfiVeSgUvb3ba_uDsqA Date accessed: 26/11/2014 URL:https://www.windows2universe.org/sun/Solar_interior/Nuclear_Reactions/Neutrinos/neutrino_picture_big.gif Date accessed: 26/11/2014 URL:http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast123/lectures/lec22.html Date accessed: 23/11/2014 URL:http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/cowan.html Date accessed: 23/11/2014 URL:http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/cowan.html

Sterility Drug Progesterex Urban Legend :: Urban Legends

Sterility Drug Progesterex Urban Legend The source for this urban legend is a 19 year old male of Palestinian descent who is currently studying engineering at Montgomery College. His father owns a heating and air conditioning company and his mother is manager for a high school cafeteria. This source first heard the story on the Internet when he received the story on an online Web group. He then spread the warning to all of his contacts. You should tell all the girls you know to be careful because there have been cases in Boston where girls who have been slipped â€Å"roofies† [rohypnol, a common date rape drug used to incapacitate the victim] for date rape were also slipped a horse sterilizer. This new drug is becoming popular because when it is used the woman that is raped can’t have a child and later identify the suspect through DNA testing. Apparently one girl was slipped these two drugs and was found the next morning by police and was taken to the hospital. There the doctors say that at least five men had raped her. The girl had no knowledge of the events because of the roofy she was slipped. Doctors also informed the police and the patient that upon blood testing that a low grade horse sterilizer was used on the victim and that she would never be able to have children due to the effects of the drug. The horse sterilizer is readily available to veterinarians and farmers, so it is easy to find. This new drug will sterilize someone forever, so tell them to be careful. This harrowing story was told quite compellingly with strong body language. What was most effective about this performance was that the source never hesitated when he spoke and was very clear on details. During the entire course of this performance, it seemed that the performer was fully convinced of the validity of this story. During the entire performance the word which he emphasized the most was "forever," when mentioning the effects of the horse sterilizer on women. He was very insistent that the drug affects women permanently and that is why it is so dangerous. Upon further research of horse sterilizers and rape, the name that came up most often was Progesterex. A site search of Progesterex on www.webmd.com (a health service page) resulted in zero finds, with suggestions for progesterone, which is a naturally occurring hormone in women that prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

Ocean Manufacturing Inc

Identify two facts from the case that you found particularly interesting (this can be anything- it doesn't have to be directly accounting-related! ). The first situation that I found interesting is that Most of the ratios of Ocean Manufacturing are lower than the industry. So as auditors should figure out the reason behind this. The second situation is that the auditor turnover high. In twelve years they had three auditors.It is a major problem as why ocean manufacturing hanged it auditors rapidly at such short period of time. As an auditor I should look into the matter more closely. 2. If applicable, what Professional Standards were violated in this case? Cite either CASE standards or Rules of Professional Conduct. You may want to research the standards in your text, Handbook, or online. N/A 3. Assume you are working as an auditor in public accounting. Name one lesson tattoo could learn from this case. Ocean Manufacturing executives are very aggressive.If they are taken as a client I would be careful. They tried to manipulate their yearned accruals to meet requirement of Creditors. As they are planning to offer PIP they might want to do it again. As an auditor I learnt that I should take account of past behaviors and future intension when I am auditing a client. 4. As we all know, hindsight is 20/20. For cases where the client committed fraud, are there any â€Å"red flags† the auditor overlooked that might have allowed them to uncover the fraud sooner?

TOK Blog for Articles Essay

TOK Blog for Articles Essay TOK Blog for Articles Essay The percentage of U.S. women overdosing on prescription painkillers has increased sharply in recent years, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Between 1999 and 2010, the proportion of deaths from painkiller overdose increased 400 percent among women, while rising 265 percent among men. â€Å"Prescription painkiller deaths have skyrocketed in women," Dr. Tom Frieden, director of the CDC, said at a news conference today (July 2). "Mothers, wives, sisters and daughters are dying of overdoses at rates we have never seen before," Frieden said. While men remain more likely to die of a prescription painkiller overdose, deaths among women have increased at a higher rate, and are catching up to those of men, Frieden said. In 2010, more than 6,600 women died from prescription painkiller overdose, which is four times the number of women who died from cocaine and heroin overdoses combined, the CDC says. Most of these deaths are accidental. The death rate was highest among women ages 45 to 54. There were also more than 200,000 emergency department visits for opioid abuse among women in that year. Research suggests women are more likely to experience chronic pain and migraines, and to be prescribed prescription painkillers than men, the CDC says. Women may also become dependent on the drugs more quickly than men, the agency said. Because women often weigh less than men, they may experience life-threatening events at lower doses of painkillers, Frieden said. Rates of death from prescription painkiller overdose have increased at the same time as prescriptions for the drugs have increased. "These are dangerous medications," Frieden said. "In many other situations,

De dagen van de bluegrass liefde essays

De dagen van de bluegrass liefde essays Titel: De dagen van de bluegrassliefde. B. Uitleg titel Tycho is een tiener die na zijn eindexamen niet weet wat hij moet doen. Hij besluit om een jaar lang op vakantie te gaan en daarna een jaar niet aan school te denken, lekker pauze nemen. Voor het eerst gaat hij alleen op vakantie, hij gaat naar Little World, een kamp voor kinderen die op vakantie gaan. Daar gaat hij naar toe als kamp leider. Op het vliegveld komt hij Oliver tegen een aardige Zweedse jongen, ook Oliver maakt straks deel uit van de kamp leiding. Vanaf het begin zijn ze eigenlijk al vrienden en ze maken veel plezier op het kamp. Tot dat Tycho's gevoel voor Oliver een andere draai krijgt. Tycho wordt verliefd op Oliver. Hij is bang dat Oliver hem voor gek verklaard en mijd de jongen. Donna, ook een leider, komt erachter en zegt dat Tycho ervoor moet gaan. Eigenlijk wil Tycho dat niet, maar op een nacht in hun kamertje, gaan ze ervoor. Sindsdien zijn ze verliefd. Mensen maken er problemen van en Oliver heeft geen zin om langer te blijven, hij verzint een plan om samen m et Tycho weg te kunnen. Ze besluiten samen naar Zweden te gaan. De moeder van Oliver is de komende weken toch weg. Tycho mag van Oliver niet naar buiten en het wordt al snel duidelijk dat hij niet wil dat zijn vrienden het weten. Langzaam groeien de jongens uit elkaar, tot ze uiteindelijk helemaal uit elkaar gaan en Tycho terug naar Nederland gaat. Ik kan de titel van het boek niet echt goed verklaren, want ik vind het een beetje een vage titel. Op een gegeven moment gaan alle leiders een weekend naar een dorpje, 's avonds is er een feest en dan komt er een band spelen, de bluegrass band. Bluegrass komt dus daar vandaan en de liefde heeft natuurlijk met de liefde tussen Oliver en ...

Your Own Preliminary Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Your Own Preliminary Research - Essay Example It is also evident in the contexts of the national governments. It is very evident that in some countries there are specific laws regarding this field of education. According to the writers, almost all universities in Europe have endorsed the e-learning strategies and actually more, they have endorsed them and included them as a part of their school curriculum. Some courses such as the general courses in communication skills and HIV AIDS skills are exclusively being offered through the e-learning programs.   The adoption of e-learning technology has motivated the learning institutions and colleges to take their tutors through rigorous and mandatory training on how to work with this technology and to be effective at doing so. The e-book article also points out that e-learning processes are enhanced by availability of free materials for documentation hence the universities have found it more or less a better source of studying materials since they only need to provide connection to t he internet for students to access the digital campuses (Brigitte). This source interests me because it is very clear; it is simple to understand the basic arguments and reasoning. The source is also loaded with a lot of important information concerning the research topic mentioned above. From the online open public Library, according to ‘The e-learning e-volution in colleges and university’ by the Advisory Committee for Online Learning. There have been tremendous changes in the manner in which universities have been offering their courses in Canada. The e-book referred above was focusing on Europe and the adoption of e-learning in their institutions focusing on France, Italy and other European countries. Here, the insights on this topic from the Open library are based in Canada. According to the corporate author of this article, most universities and colleges in Canada have at least five courses which are fully offered on the online platform,

CONVERSING WITH TWO OR MORE WRITERS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CONVERSING WITH TWO OR MORE WRITERS - Essay Example Although Matt Miller and Susan Headden appear to be making two different points, they actually agree that the American education system demands a degree of standardization. Matt Miller’s arguments concerns with reforms that encompass every part of education. Unlike Susan Headden, he makes an argument stretching beyond assessments. In the beginning of his article, Matt Miller gives the example of a nationalistic figure, Horace Mann, in advancing his thesis (Miller 1). He cites Horace’s ideas of developing common schools that would thrive on public funding and attendance by all students. His arguments stretch over the whole spectrum of American educational landscape by arguing that the curriculum should face national management. On the other hand, Susan believes that lack of standardized assessment deters the progress of education (Headden 1). She states that it is difficult to make educational policies if stakeholders do not have adequate representation of the real system. Both authors agree that financial inequity and limited finances are responsible for the problems stalling the progress of the American educational system. Matt argues that America has a regressive tax system that offers more benefits to the rich than it offers to the less privileged individuals. This means that the rich individuals have limited proportion of their wealth in tax form while the poor have a large proportion of their wealth in taxes. This creates an educational implication on communities while raising funds for schools. Schools in rich neighborhoods can easily raise more funds per pupil since the rich possess significant wealth in high-value property. On the other hand, segregated communities cannot easily raise proper funds in terms of dollars per pupil. Since taxes represent a sizeable percentage of school funding, poor schools faces difficulties in raising funds for essential activities such as

Seoul City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Seoul City - Essay Example Ostensibly, the Korean people learned how a conflict can paralyze the economy of a country. The term is a representation of rapid industrialization, urbanization, economic boom, education boom, technological advancement, skyscraper boom, a rise in living standards and modernization. This culminated in the successful hosting of the 1988 Summer Olympics Championship. Additionally, Seoul City co-hosted the 2002- FIFA World Cup. Consequently, the country transformed from the near destruction of the Korea War into globalization and democratization. The city is celebrated as wealthy, developed with sound economic viability and exerting a global economic influence (The Korean Economy - the Miracle on the Hangang River). Currently, it boasts of prominent multinational companies such as Samsung, Hyundai-Kia, and LG. More specifically, the term refers to the economic growth of Seoul city through which River Han flows. It is fascinating to note that it is termed a ‘miracle’ as it r epresents the economic rebirth of the country between the periods 1961 to 1996. Initially, the country was crippled by the Korean War that saw an escalation of poverty levels and unemployment rates. Interestingly, in less than four years, Seoul became a global city, a highly developed economic hub, center of business and commerce. It opened grounds for technological advancement and the development of communication infrastructure. Currently, the inhabitants consider the opulence as national pride as well as a symbol of self-sufficiency.

Walking Stick with Heart Attack Detection Essay Example for Free

Walking Stick with Heart Attack Detection Essay 1. INTRODUCTION The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute states that â€Å"more than a million persons in the U.S. have a heart attack and about half (515,000) of them die in each year. About one-half of those who die do so within 1 hour of the start of symptoms and before reaching the hospital†. A heart attack happens to a person when the blood flow and oxygen supply to heart muscle is blocked, and it is mostly caused by the Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). CAD occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle (coronary arteries) become hardened and narrowed. It often causes irregular heart beat or rhythm by blocking blood stream. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute suggest that â€Å"everyone should know the warning signs of a heart attack and how to get emergency help†. The symptoms of heart attack can be detected by observing electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform. An ECG is an electrical recording of the heart and is used in the investigation of heart disease. An electrical impulse initiates muscle contraction, which results in heart beating. The spacing between pulses provides a measure of the heart’s rhythm, whereas the height of the pulses is an indicator of pumping strength. By observing the ECG waveform, the heart condition of the patients can be explained by doctors. The ECG Library shows many samples of abnormal ECG waveform, and they are mostly collected from aged people who are more than 55 years old. The senior citizens are more prone to have heart attack than young people. The Walking Stick with Heart Attack Detection is specially designed to help the senior citizens who need walking aids by walking sticks and have the most possibility of heart attack. The walking stick is used as detection unit and as the medium asking for medical help. 1.1 Overview of Design The ECG circuitry unit on the wrist captures abnormal heart beat signal from the patient. The microcontroller on the stick runs a heart attack algorithm. Warning is given out to the person about his heart condition. The Bluetooth emergency calling system calls for medical help at the moment of heart   attack. This project aims to shorten the time between the moment of heart attack and the arrival of medical personal. The warning before the emergency call will give the patient a chance to avoid heart attack. Figure 1.1 Block Diagram of Walking Stick with Heart Attack Detection Two biosensors worn on the user’s wrists send the real ECG signal to the analog ECG circuitry. The amplified and filtered analog output of the circuitry is converted from analog to digital signal and transmitted to the unit on the walking stick. The ECG circuitry unit, the A/D converter, and the transmitter are worn on one of the user’s wrists. The wireless connection between the unit on the wrist and the main unit on the walking stick gives the user more freedom to move by avoiding wire attachment between the wrist and the stick. The receiver on the stick receives the digital ECG signal, and the microcontroller runs a heart attack algorithm to detect possible heart attack symptoms. If any symptom of heart attack is detected, the risk level rises. When the risk level reaches up to the emergency mode, the Bluetooth module activates the user’s mobile phone to call 911 for medical help. Latest mobile phones include GPS function. Therefore, the GPS unit is eliminated from the previous project as the mobile phone’s GPS can locate the user. 1.2Specifications For the design of the ECG circuitry and the ECG algorithm, the specifications of the previous project â€Å"Wireless Heart Attack Detector with GPS† were used. The frequency range of ECG signal depends on the activity of individual. The typical range is approximately from 50 Hz to 70 Hz. To cover a wide range of frequencies for all scenarios, the band-pass filter of the ECG circuitry is designed to have a lower cutoff frequency of 0.5 Hz and an upper cutoff frequency of 150 Hz. The analog output of the ECG circuitry must be in the range between -2V to 2V so that the A/D conversion operates properly. The overall amplification inside the ECG circuitry should be at least 3000 but no greater than 5000. The minimum sampling rate of A/D converter should be 400 Hz to capture the detailed ECG waveform that changes in millisecond unit. The transmitted data and the received data must be the same. No noise should be added during the transmission. The distance for reliable transmission should be wide enough so that the movement of user is not limited in the near area of the stick. 40 feet is chosen as the user is assumed to be within this distance during all his activities. All the hardware should operate with low power consumption, and the microcontroller must show the least number of error when it runs the heart attack algorithm. High risk and low risk warnings should be as short as possible. 1.3Performance Benchmarks The total delay from the moment the microcontroller output a heart attack signal to the arrival of medical assistance should be shortened as much as possible. This delay is between the output of heart attack signal and the mobile phone calling. The delay time should be less than 45 second. 1.4Subprojects Figure 1.4 Subproject Flow Chart There are three main subprojects: ECG circuit unit, Analysis Algorithm, and Bluetooth Communication. The first unit is worn on the user’s wrist, and the rest two are installed in the stick. The ECG circuit unit captures ECG waveform from the user’s wrists by electrodes. It then amplifies and filters the ECG signal. After that, the signal is digitized by an A/D converter and is transmitted to the stick. In Analysis Algorithm unit, the receiver first captures the digital ECG signal and feeds it to the microcontroller. The microcontroller runs the algorithm to detect heart attack and to raise the risk level. When a heart attack is confirmed, an emergency signal is sent to the Bluetooth Communication unit. In the Bluetooth Communication unit, the Bluetooth module activates the user’s mobile phone to call 911. Objective: Goals of Design: 1.The wireless heart attack detector captures abnormal heart beat signals. 2.The alert system on the walking stick warns the user to realize his health condition. 3.Bluetooth wireless emergency calling system calls for help at the moment of heart attack via mobile phone. Benefits: Electrocardiogram(ECG) signal transmitted wirelessly from the wrist to the main unit on the stick. This avoids the inconvenience of the attachment of the stick to the wrists. Automatic wireless emergency calling system via Bluetooth module warning mode giving the users a chance to avoid the fatal moment actively. 2.DESIGN PROCEDURE 2.1 Biosensors Since the previous project mentioned about the benefits of the Ag-AgCl ECG electrodes, we decided to use the same electrodes as our biosensors. The benefits of the electrodes include good electrical contact with human skin, low motion artifacts and strong adhesive quality to skin. 2.2 Analog ECG Circuitry Based on the â€Å"Wireless Heart Attack Detector with GPS,† we designed the three components, unity-gain buffers, differential amplifier and band-pass filter. The unity-gain buffers are needed for both wrists as impedance transformers. Although skin impedance is high, the input impedance of op-amps is infinity and the op-amps will be able to catch the bio signals out of the two electrodes. Differential amplifier will take the two bio signals and differentiate them with gain to get the desired ECG waveform. Band-pass filter will make sure that noise of frequencies outside 0.5 Hz and 150 Hz is eliminated. For the Calculation of the ECG circuitry design, the same procedure from the â€Å"Wireless Heart Attack Detector with GPS† was used and was quoted as below. The differential amplifier gain should not exceed 33 in order to prevent a 300 mV electrode offset potential from causing the system to saturate. The figure shows a diagram of the differential amplifier component of the circuit. Hence the differential amplifier produces an output that is the difference between the inputs multiplied by a gain factor. The gain is chose to be at 15; R7 and R5 are selected to be 15kÃŽ ©; R6 and R4 are selected to be 1kÃŽ ©. The lower frequency cut-off was desired to be around 0.04Hz, and upper frequency cut-off was desired to be about 150Hz. A gain of around 100 was sought from the band-pass filter. (Overall gain needed to be 1000 to 5000 with the differential amplifier having a gain no greater than 33.) A diagram of the low and high pass portions of the band-pass filter are shown in Figures 2.3 and 2.4, respectively. From eq. (6), it can be seen that the output is amplified by a gain equal to R11/R10. Since the gain is desired to be about 100, eqn. (7) and (8) can be solved. Thus R11 is selected to be 106.2 kÃŽ ©, R10 to be 1 kÃŽ ©, R8 to be 3.9 MÃŽ ©, C1 to be 1 ÃŽ ¼F and C2 to be 0.01 ÃŽ ¼F. The value of R9 is not significant and is selected to be 10 kÃŽ ©. A buffer with unity gain is needed for each input as an impedance transformer, because the skin has much higher impedance compared to the input impedance of the differential amplifier. Figure 2.5 shows a diagram of the buffer components. Figure 2.2.4 Buffer Components Diagram Since no current flows into the input terminals and v+ = v-, by applying KCL The gain is determined by R1/R2 = R3/R2. Desiring a gain of unity, R1, R2, R3, and R4 were chosen to be 10 kÃŽ © each. 2.3 Data Transmission between Wrist and the Walking Stick Our original design was to transmit the analog ECG waveform directly out of the ECG analog circuitry to the walking stick. We would use the analog signal transmission capability of the HP-3 transceiver. We wanted to make this data transmission wireless from the wrist to the stick. This would avoid the inconvenience of the stick attachment to the wrist. User can go into a car and put his stick at the back seats without detaching any wire between his wrist and the stick. He also does not have to switch the device off. When the stick falls down, it won’t drag the user’s wrist to the ground. After we browsed through the data sheet of the HP-3 transceiver, we discovered that the analog bandwidth of the transceiver pair is between 50 Hz and 28000 Hz. As discussed in the previous project, normal ECG waveform has frequency range between 50 Hz and 70 Hz. However, to cover all the possible scenarios like sleeping and fast walking, the lower and the upper cutoff frequencies were decided to be 0.5 Hz and 150 Hz. Since the range from 0.5 Hz and 50 Hz is outside the transmission bandwidth of the HP-3 transceiver, we thought about using mixer and oscillator to raise the lowest frequency of analog signal, which is 0.5 Hz, to 60 Hz. This would ensure correct transmission of the analog signal. When we discussed this idea with our TA, we were introduced to the RS232 capability of PIC. Since RS232 signal is digital, we can use the same transceiver to transmit digital signal. We no longer have to worry about the lowest frequency of the analog signal along with the mixer and the oscillator. 2.4 A/D Conversion of Analog ECG Signal to Digital ECG signal Since we are using a PIC for its RS232 feature, we thought it would be natural to use the A/D conversion feature of the PIC. We then had to decide between using an 8-bit conversion or a 10-bit conversion. 10-bit conversion would give higher resolution to the digitized ECG waveform. But, the final decision was determined by the RS232 transmission. According to the PIC-C Compiler Manual, when defining #use RS232, bits sent can only be between 5 and 9. Because 10 are not in this range, we decided to do 8-bit A/D conversion. 2.5 Heart attack detection When the microcontroller on the walking stick has received digital ECG data from the wrists, it will check for heart attack symptoms. We decided to use the heart attack algorithm developed by the previous project. We would like to indicate to the user his heart condition so that he can take proper action like slowing down or taking a rest before heart attack really happens to him. 2.6 Emergency Calling Previous project needed to use a Bluetooth module and a laptop to make an emergency call. Our goal was to eliminate the laptop. Our project will execute emergency calling with just a Bluetooth module. Bluetooth communication is wireless. The user can put his cell phone anywhere he wants as long as it is within the range of the Bluetooth communication. The user does not have to hang his cell phone to the walking stick, making his waking stick heavy and hindering his movement. 3. DESIGN DETAILS 3.1 Analog ECG Circuitry ComponentValue R1, R2, R310 kÃŽ © R4, R61 kÃŽ © R5, R715 kÃŽ © R8100 kÃŽ © R93 kÃŽ © R101 kÃŽ © R11150 kÃŽ © C11  µF C20.01  µF The band-pass filter has a lower cut-off frequency of 1.59 Hz and an upper cut-off frequency of 106.1 Hz. The gain of band-pass filter is 150, and the overall gain is 150Ãâ€"15=2250. 3.2 A/D Conversion and RS232 of PIC16F877 We use PIC16F877 as our microcontroller on the wrist. The connections to the PIC are shown in Appendix 1. Oscillator of 20 MHz is used as clock to the PIC. Analog ECG signal is sent to Pin2 RA0. Pin4 Vref- is connected to 0 V and Pin5 Vref+ is connected to 5 V. The analog signal will be digitized into 8 bits. The digital values will be between 0 and 127. 0 V will correspond to 0, 1 V will correspond to 50, 2 V will correspond to 100 and 2.5 V will correspond to 125. Since the analog ECG waveform will be amplified to only 2 V, the highest digital value will be 100. The reason of not amplifying the signal to 2.5 V is to provide some error of margin in the real world. The sampling will be done with a while loop that runs continuously with the condition always set to ‘true’. Please refer to the C codes on Appendix 5. The sampling rate of 400 Hz will be implemented by putting a delay of 2500 us in the while loop. After the digital values are obtained through the A/D conversion, the digital values are parallel 8 bits. These parallel 8 bits will be transformed into serial bits of the format of RS232. According to Wikipedia, RS-232 is a standard for serial binary data interchange between a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and a DCE(Data Communication Equipment). In our case, the DTE will be the PIC and the DCE will be the HP-3 transmitter. The RS232 format will consist of a ‘start’ bit, eight data bits, least-significant bit first, and a ‘stop’ bit. We also make sure the logic voltage level of RS232 will be between 0 V and 5 V as required by the HP-3 transmitter. 3.3 Digital Data Transmission of HP-3 Transceiver The digital ECG values in RS232 form will be fed into a HP-3 transmitter. HP-3 transmitter has 8 parallel selectable channels. To have simple wiring, we selected channel 0 as we only needed to ground the three ‘channel select’ pins. We are also well aware that the HP-3 transmitter does not encode or packetize the data in any manner. This will assure us that the RS232 data sent from the PIC will be the same RS232 data received at the receiver. The microcontroller at the walking stick does not have to do any decoding. 3.4 Heart Attack Algorithm of the Javelin Stamp Microcontroller The RS232 digital ECG data will be fed from the HP-3 receiver to the Javelin microcontroller. The parameters of the UART of the microcontroller are set up according to those of the PIC. The microcontroller will then get the correct Digital ECG from the PIC. These digital ECG samples will be analyzed with the heart attack algorithm developed by the previous project. Heart attack is preceded by three notable symptoms, which are weak pulse amplitude, irregular heart beat and widened QRS pulse. To check for weak amplitude, a baseline is set up by averaging all the data points. Pulse amplitude is considered as weak if it is below 50% of the baseline. Normal pulse rate is between 35 bpm (beats per minute) and 200 bpm. If the digital ECG data indicates a pulse rate outside of this range, then irregular heart beat is detected. Normal pulse width is less than 36 ms. If the digital ECG data indicates a pulse width more than 36 ms, then QRS pulse has widened 3.5 Low-Risk and High-Risk LEDs of Heart Attack The previous project set up an alert level of threshold of 5 before emergency calling is executed. In our project, we decided to use this alert level to define two conditions, low-risk and high-risk. Low risk is when the alert level is between 4 and 6. High risk is when the alert level is between 7 and 9. These two conditions will be indicated to the user with two LEDs. User can look at the LEDs and be aware of his heart condition to take proper action to avoid the fatal moment. 3.6 EB500 Bluetooth Module and Javelin Stamp Microcontroller When the alert level reaches 10, emergency calling through the user’s cell phone will be executed. In our project, the emergency calling will be done with only the Bluetooth module and the Javelin microcontroller. Laptop will not be used as an intermediate between Bluetooth module and the cell phone. When the Bluetooth module is first powered up, it is in command mode. Communication between the Bluetooth module and the microcontroller will be done in the form of UART. Please refer to the codes in Appendix 6. Microcontroller will send some commands to the Bluetooth module to set up a Bluetooth connection with the user’s cell phone. When the connection is successfully set up, which is indicated by the LED on the Bluetooth module, the module automatically switches to data mode. A successful Bluetooth connection is nothing more than a wireless serial cable. In data mode, everything sent by the Javelin microcontroller will be received by the cell phone. Commands to control a phone are called AT commands. AT commands direct a phone to dial (D), answer (A) and hang up (H). Every AT command starts with â€Å"AT† (Attention). This is the command line prefix. To make a 911 call, the following command will be sent by the microcontroller to the cell phone, â€Å"ATD911;\r†. The last character, â€Å"\r† is carriage return. The command means â€Å"Attention: Dialing 911†. The number 911 can be replaced by any phone number. Since most cell phones today have the GPS feature, the location of the user can be discovered and faster medical help can be sent to the spot.

Animation in TV Commercials

Animation in TV Commercials The effectiveness of animation in TV commercials Bryant May were the first British company to utilize animation for advertising purposes. In 1899 animator Arthur Melbourne-Cooper was hired to produce a stop-motion short in which matchstick men move along a ladder and paint an appeal on a wall. This appeal read `For one guinea Messrs Bryant May will forward a case containing sufficient to supply a box of matches to each man in a battalion with the name of the sender inside.'(www.bfi.co.uk) It is easy to be cynically dismissive of what is obviously a clever, if extremely crude, ad campaign disguised as a patriotic act of charity during the Boer war. However it is not as easy to be as dismissive of the extent to which animation has been adopted from these humble beginnings as a prevailing force within modern advertising strategy. The 22nd September 1955 gave birth to commercial television broadcasting in the United Kingdom. Right from the outset advertisers where quick to seize upon the opportunity and advertising possibilities that animation put in front of them. During these early years up to a third of television advertising was animated such as the â€Å"Murray Mints, the too-good-to-hurry mints,† or Snap, Crackle an Pop,† for Kellogg’s Rice Krispies which both debut in 1955. The Kellogg ads brought to life hand drawn characters that had been used on the packaging of cereal boxes since 1928 and the campaign still runs to this day. The Murray Mints commercial, which featured soldiers in bearskin hats march in time to a jingle, won best ad of the year in the inaugural year of British television advertising. (Robinson, 2000, p35) J Walter Thompson who had handled the Guinness account since 1929 set about bringing to life; through the process of animation, the extremely popular Gilroy post ers that had become an institution and started a ‘Guinness culture.’ If advertisers were keen to use animators in their campaigns then animators where certainly keen to encourage receive the work. The two industries formed a symbiosis which was characterised by the overnight emergence of a whole new market in the advertising industry meant that there were a lot of new opportunities for young animators to set up new companies with the minimum of capital and experiment with new techniques. Companies such as biographic which was set up by Bob Godfrey who produced ads for various companies such as Shipams fish paste and Nestle. (Threadgould, 2005) The use of animation in commercials certainly proved popular with advertisers, and with home viewers but it was the â€Å"Homepride flour men† who proved that it could also be an effective tool. The â€Å"Homepride flour men† ad debut in 1965. The ad featured two men in black business suits and bowler hats standing in between two packets of flour. A sieve is placed over the head of one of the men and flour poured into it. The processes is repeated with Homepride flour which sieves much quicker as it is graded and the second man is instantly covered in flour turning his black suit white. The reason is explained by the man in the hat; voiced by Dads Army star John Le Mesurier; and his words produced the slogan ‘GRADED GRAINS MAKE FINER FLOURS.’ The campaign succeeded in making Homepride a market leader within four months. These characters became so popular that a leader (Fred) was named by the advertising brains to give a name to the uniform faces. Merchandise such as aprons, peppermills, fridge magnets and various other kitchenalias were produced as ‘collectors’ items. Fred’s image spurned a whole range of sub products for the company and it is still used to sell a variety of Homepride products today. To keep up with changing times made retain a sense of tradition; various comedians such as Richard Briers and Paul Merton have voiced Fred, he is today voiced by Nick Frost from Spaced. Homepride have managed to infuse their brand identity with that of Fred, their iconic mascot. They have used his effigy on other products such as sauces and kitchen utensils to place the home pride brand firmly into people’s kitchens. However the runaway success of a particular ad campaign does not guarantee an increase of sales of the product it is supposed to promote. Creature Comforts began life as a short film. It was an incredibly engaging short due to the interaction between fantasy and reality with which it presented the viewer. In his book Understanding Animation Paul Wells describes the relationship between the diegetic narrative and the characters surroundings as fabrication and suggest that it is a narrative strategy. This is to say that ‘fabrication essentially plays out an alternative version of material existence, recalling narrative out of constructed objects and environments, natural forms and substances, and the taken for granted constituent elements of the everyday world.’(Wells, 1998 p90)   This means that there is a relationship between the abstract expression of character through the model and the ‘constituent elements of the everyday world,’ which lends itself more towards mimesis. Despite the fact that animation is an abstract form of expression, these ads have a ‘documentary feel’ that lends a voice of authority to their claims.   Nick Parks Creature Comforts and the electricity adverts that followed it present a world in which highly stylised models of animals are animated with the voices of members of the British public. The opinions and the voices of the public and then perfectly matched to appropriate animals. The most memorable example being Frank the jogging tortoise. Frank chats to a locked off camera about how nice it is to come back from a ten mile run into a warm flat, and how it is important that the boiler is easily â€Å"turn off and onable.† The world being presented to the consumer is instantly recognizable; frank is discussing the simple pleasures of modern life. He is an everyman despite the fact that he is a talking animal. The affinity between model animation and the physical world in which it is filmed means that it is to a certain extent confined by the physical laws of our world in order to remain recognizable and believable. Of course these laws can are being flouted, model characters can talk and discuss everyday matters like members of the general public, but the relationship between the animated models and the world they inhabit means that when physical law is flouted a sense of the uncanny or the fantastic is achieved. This is why the shorts or so engaging but it is also why they failed as ads. Despite the fact that the campaign reached number 4 in a 2000 poll of ‘The 100 greatest TV ads,† the common misconception is that the ads were selling gas. As Nick Park himself explains it, â€Å"People still refer to them as ‘the gas adverts.’† (Robinson, 2000, p124) Although the ads were highly memorable they failed to link the commercial and the product. Successful animalised advertising campaigns are based entirely on the same principles as successful live action campaigns. â€Å"Advertising’s central function is to create desires that did not previously exist.† (Dyer, 1982 p6) A miss-judged campaign such as the creature comforts campaign may not be deemed successful if it does not stimulate within the consumer a desire to consume a given product. Where as the Kellogg animated mascots for frosties, rice krispies and coco-pops have succeeded in becoming intrinsically infused with the products that they are selling. One of the main advantages of using animation in advertising is the ability of animators to create environments and worlds that could not be accessed or reproduced by a live action camera crew. These artificial environments can be used to stimulate imagination and desire, to create a fantastical world of possibility, which can then be realised by the purchase of a given product. Coco-pops are advertised by a variety of jungle characters that inhabit a fantastical world of imagination and fun that is extremely appealing to young children. Also when advertising medical products such as toothpaste, animated medical presentations can be employed. These usually take the form of a split screen with the advertised product on one side of the screen and a leading competitor on the other. The animation will then demonstrate just how the product works and is more effective than a rival brand. Another appeal of animation to the ad man is the classlessness of the form. (Threadgould, 2005) characters such as the Homepride’s Fred and the Fairy liquid baby are free from the class constraints of traditional British society. They bridge the class gap and appeal to proletariat and privileged alike. Animation can also be a relatively inexpensive process. Pioneers such as Peter Sachs of Larkin studios and Bob Godfrey of biographic, found quicker cheaper animation methods than the traditional fluid aesthetic style of Disney. They employed jagged and rough stylings that borrowed from German expressionism. The theory being, to use limited animation to maximum effect.   (Threadgould, 2005) By emphasising certain details advertisers can allude to certain qualities that can be associated with the product. For example the Michelin Man’s rounded tyre body alludes to the strength and durability of the tyres but also their malleability. The problem facing animating advertisers is a problem, which faces animators in general. The immediately obvious thing about animation is that it is an overtly fake diegetic form; that is unlike live action, which is often concerned with replicating the real world to achieve mimesis; the artificial process of creating narrative form is emphasized by the fact that the viewer is witnessing inanimate drawings brought to life through motion. The difficulty here is that advertising is the process of creating desire within the consumer; it suggests that there is a more desirable reality available to its audience through the consumption of a product. Successful animated adverts must therefore reconcile the fact that they are presenting to the consumer a fiction by alluding to an underlying truth. This is not necessarily problematic; Aesops fables were moral tales that spoke of ethical truths through anthropomorphic parable. Stories like the lion and the mouse or the wolf in sheep’s clothing took well-known anthropomorphic traits of certain animals and moulded them into cautionary tales about how one should live their life. In the same way animation selects certain details to present to the viewer to create abstract meaning that a consumer can readily identify with. The concept of the Jolly Green Giant for example is ludicrous; none of sound mind would actually believe that a giant green man lives in cornfields overseeing the quality of the corn. However symbolically he is representative of the qualities that the company wish to associate with there corn. He is a symbol of strength and power that come from nature. The corn he promotes is healthy strong and wholesome and this health can be acquired by those who consume it. He is jolly and friendly, a gentle giant who cultivates top quality product with a deft touch. We is also bright green the colour of nature, a symbol of health and vitality, the essence of life itself. Through these associations meaning is abstracted rather than dictated. It is the art of gentle persuasion as opposed to ‘the hard sell.’ Many people have preconceived ideas about animation as a whimsical medium suitable only for humour and children’s entertainment; however there are many examples of animation as serious political statement. Halas and Batchelor produced Animal Farm in 1954 as an adaptation of George Orwell’s novel. Scholars have often studied it as an allegory about the rise of Stalinism and the threat of communism, but it is no know that American backer Louis DeReochemount was a front man for the American CIA and the film was purposely used as anti Russian propaganda.   Like any other medium with an understanding of its aesthetic qualities can be used seriously and to devastating effect. A recent charity advertisement on behalf on the NSPCC depicted an animated child being sadistically and habitually beaten by his father. The ad showed the child being burnt with cigarettes, thrown down stairs and chocked. Humorous sound effects and cartoon clichà ©s along the same style of Tom and Jerry where used. This was a visual and aural aesthetic that the viewers were used to associating with harmless and enjoyable children’s cartoons. However the tension in play between the diegetic aesthetic of the animated child and the mimetic aesthetic of the father and the background environment served to unease, and unsettle to the point of disturbing the viewer. The viewer was left to imagine the results of such violence on a real child and the commercial’s effectiveness at highlighting the concerns of the NSPCC was undeniable. So why has animation become an effective tool in animation? The answer to this question lies within the concept of brand and brand identity. If the aim of the advertiser is to communicate the identity of a given brand as quickly and as succinctly as possible, then animation is an ideal medium.   In his book ‘Ad worlds: Brand, media, and audiences.’ Greg Myers defines branding as â€Å"the attachment of meanings to a labelled product.† (Myers, 1998, p33) That is to say that semiotic associations are associated with a given brand through the way it is produced, placed, promoted and priced. For example Guinness is a uniquely produced stout that is ubiquitously placed in almost every pub of the nation. It has a history of promoting itself through humour as a traditional drink to unwind and relax with and it is priced at a slight premium to give it a hint of exclusivity. Wally Olins suggests that a modern world that has become saturated with advertising, branding has become an essential tool in order for the consumer to quickly decipher to advertisers message before they are distracted by a competitor. In the words of Olins; â€Å"Why are brands such a clear and unique manifestation of our time? Simply because in a world that is bewildering in terms of competitive clamour, in which rational choice has become almost extinct, brands represent clarity, reassurance, consistency, status, membership –b everything that enables human beings to define themselves. Brands represent identify.† (Olins, 2003, p27) Getting consumers to empathise with a brand identity, and to desire to become a part of that identity can be extenuated through the use of a brand character. From Tony the Tiger to Joe Camel and the re-imagination of the milky bar kid to animated form, drawn and animated characters have been used to sell everything from children’s toys to cigarettes. These characters become intrinsically linked to the qualities of the product that they are selling. So what is it about the process of creating an animated character that is so effective in advertising?   In his book ‘Understanding Animation;’ Paul Wells sums up the basic principles of characterization as a narrative strategy in animation as; â€Å"the character may be understood through its costume or construction, it’s ability to gesture or move and the associative aspects of its design.† (Wells, 1998, p105) Regardless of if an animated character is an animal or human, animators rarely try to completely reproduce natural form. As such the problem is that they are presenting viewers with unnatural looking beings. If the viewer is to accept the characters shown before them, the characters themselves must be presented as believable.   This is why animators rely on exaggeration of individual features to suggest certain character types. Halas and Manvell describe this in their book ‘the technique of film Animation. †Characterization is achieved by the distortion of shapes and forms – big eyes, big mouth, big nose, large head small body etc.† (Halas and Manvell, 1968, p65) What the animators are stressing are the gesturing parts of the body, particularly the features of the head. The eyes, nose, mouth and ears are all vital in creating the illusion of human emotion. Anthropomorphic qualities in animals such as the strength of Tony the Tiger can be used promote a prod uct as healthy or enabling strength. There is a general rule of thumb with regards to which shapes go with what characters: kind gentle characters tend to have soft rounded faces with wide smiles and large rounded eyes. The Pillsbury Dough Boy is a great example of this principle. He is the embodiment of the jolly fat man. Generalizations such as this one serve as visual shorthand for the viewer; they optimise the impact of the character through economy and allow the viewer to make semiotic connections and process narrative information about the characters more quickly. In the words of Wells, animation â€Å"manages to compress a high degree of narrative information into a limited period of time through a process of condensation.†(Wells, 1998, p76) This method of economy and condensation in animation characterisation was born out of functionality as much as anything. Partially it was due to the fact that advertisements are extremely short. As such narrative information has to be delivered with great speed. In the medium of the television commercial, advertisers have anywhere between ten and thirty seconds in order to convey their message. As such the visual shorthand that animation design employs is perfect for the fast and accurate communication of the advertisers message.  Ã‚   With television being the dominant domain of the animated short, characters have to be easily recognizable on a small screen. It’s much easier to do this by recognizing one or two strong individual characteristics than several small ones. Most importantly however the simpler that a character is to draw, the quicker they become to reproduce.They rely on caricature and stereotype to relay narrative information quickly and succinctly. The Homepride flour men discussed earlier in this essay are a great example of how an understanding of characterisation in animation can give rise to a successful marketing campaign. They had a simple uniform design that was all at once, striking, memorable, unique and simple. The business suits and bowler hats stood for a business like British attitude, that at the same time was overly extravagant for selling flour and as such was self mocking. The characters were taken to the heart of the nation. With the effigy of Fred on all sorts of kitchen utensils his rightful place became the kitchens of British homesteads, and as such so did the Homepride brand. The twin process of animated character development and product branding both strive towards condensing as much narrative information into the least amount of detail possible and the shortest amount of time available.   Animation is an intrinsically imaginative medium. The human mind goes through a thought process of abstracting meaning from an animated diegetic aesthetic. It inspires thought in the way that advertisers wish to inspire thoughts of desire. It can be a pleasing experience in the example of Homepride’s Fred commercials, or it can be disturbing in such a way that the NSPCC have employed, either way the reaction provoked is one of individual thought and identification which in turn promotes the consumer to consume. Bibliography Bordwell and Thompson. (2001) Film Art: An Introduction, New York: McGraw Hill. Canemaker, J. (ed.) (1988) Storytelling in Animation: The Art of the Animated Image Vol. 2, Los Angeles: AFI. Dyer, Gillian. Advertising as Communication. London, Routledge, 1982. Griffin, H. (2001) The Animators guide to 2D Computer Animation, Oxford: Focal Press, Halas, J and Manvell, R. (1968) The Technique of Film Animation, Norwich: Focal press Limited. Kline, S. (1993) Out Of The Garden: Toys, TV and Children’s Culture in the age of Marketing, London: Verso. Myers, Greg. Ad Worlds: Brands, Media, Audiences, Arnold, 1998. Ollins, Wally. On Brand, Thames Hudson, London, 2003. Robinson, M. (2000) 100 Greatest TV Ads, London: Harper Collins. Wells, P. (1998) Understanding Animation, New York: Routledge. Williams, R. (2001) The Animators Survival Kit, New York: Faber and Faber. Websites(All accessed 27/11/05) www.bcdb.comwww.bfi.co.ukhttp://business.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,9071-1560670,00.htmlwww.kellogs.com Filmography Animation Nation: The art of persuasion (Dir Merryn Threadgould, 2005, UK)Four Mations: Electric Passions (Dir Paul Madden, 1996, UK)100 Greates TV Ads (Dir Mark Robinson, 2000,   UK)